Teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus are responsible of a contagious and infectious diseases of nervous central system to swine. These virus are classified in a Picornaviridea family, Enterovirus and Teschovirus swine genus.
Previously, Teschovirus are separated in eleven subtypes (PTV-1 to PTV-11), they were classified in 3 groups (I, II and III) in function to citopatogenico effects, serology and site of cells multiplication.
OIE do a differenciation between Teschen disease, with some virulents strains PTV-1, and Talfan disease, with less virulents subtypes. Today, in the Terrestrial Manual 2008 to OIE, the twice diseases are bring together under the name of Teschovirus encephalomyelitis diseases.
Importance
In the origin, the Teschen disease has been described for the first time in 1929 in Czechoslovakia in Teschen district. It expanded then in other countries of Eastern Europe but have disappeared today thanks to medical prophylaxis operations and improving conditions for breeding, including biosafety. However, the disease is enzootic in Madagascar and is responsible of important economic consequences on the familial breeding.
The virus responsible to old Talfan disease, less contagious disease in comparison with Teschen disease, has been identified next to Talfan mountains in Great Britain in 1955. This disease is more present in the world, but it is more minor.
In the West Indies, only Haïti described encephalomyelitis disease in March 2009. The virus has been described like a strain of Teschovirus subtype PTV-1. This subtype has 97 % of homology with a virus of Madagascar. The origin of introduction of the virus has been never determined.
The Teschovirus encephalomyelitis are specifics to swine population, they are not transmissible at human people.
The incubation of serious encephalomylitis disease change between 5 and 15 days, however, the infection can be latent, delaying it to up to 35 days.
When the diseases are very serious, the diseases caused a high fever and, then, a gradual degradation of the general condition with earthquakes, paralysis or convulsions. The fatale issue of these diseases appears between 24 and 48 hours by encephalitis.
When the diseases are importants, a gradual degradation of the general condition is possible, the encephalitis symptoms and earthquakes appears and the death arrived between 4 and 5 days after the infection for 30 % at 50 % of animals or keeping an irreversibles consequences.
To conclude, when the diseases are not really importants or chronics, animals doesn't deaths, reversibles paralysis disappears in one or two weeks, however, the animal slimming is important and after-effects can be persists.
Sanitary :
When the Teschovirus encephalomyelitis diseases appears in a new country, the control must be based on the stamping-out and disinfection.
Medical :
When the high prevalence, like in Madagascar, it is necessary to use a vaccines campaigns.